Apparatus for the regulation of the admission of air to furnaces



Feb. 24, 1925. 4 1,527,887

' H. M. LIESE APPARKTUS FORTHE REGULATION OF THE ADMISSION OF AIR TO FURNACES Filed June 12, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. '24; 1925. 1,527,887

H. M. LIESE APPARATUS FOR THE REGULATION OF THE ADMISSION OF AIR TO FURNACES Filed'June 12, 1923 2 Shets-Sheet 2 effecting its closing movement is gradually balanced, so that the smoke damper comes to a stand-still.

My improved regulating apparatus may be used for various purposes. For the purpose of explaining the invention I shall describe a few examples of using the apparatus. But I wish it to be understood, that my invention is not limited to the examples nor to the constructions of the apparatus shown in the drawings.

7 In said drawings:

Figure 1 shows an example of construction with furnace fronts in side and front elevation for regulating the combustion air in a stationary installation and in the example chosen the admission of the air is regulated to a determined quantity by the continuous regulation of the smoke damper and a supplementary quantity of ,air is added during the gasiflcation period.

Figures 2 and 3 show examples of construction for regulation of primary and secondary air with artificial draught on movable vehicles, operated by means of a quantity of rotating liquid, continually fed, the overflow of which serves for operating the organ of regulation.

Figure 1.The firedoor 1 which opens in the vertical direction carries the extra air door 2 and on the ash pit there is fastened a valve 3 movable by the lever 4. This valve 3 serves to regulate the entry of air. To the ash pit is connected the pipe 7 which transmits the pressure below the grate to the water distributor 8. The water distributor 8 with water supply pipe 32 has two cylindrical overflow vessels, a fixed one 9 and a movable one 10. The overflow vessel 9 is closed towards the exteriorby the hood 11. The hood consists of a cover, of which the two concentric vertical walls, dipping into the water between 9 and 10 and into the outflowing water, form an air space, into which projects the pressure transmission pipe 7 The movable overflow vessel 10 has at the bottom a screw-threaded outlet pipe 12 which renders it possible to adjust the relative height of 10 and 11. The water flowing away over 9 passes through the outlet pipe 13 to a receptacle 14. The water flowing away over 10 passes through the outlet pipe 12 to a receptacle 15. The receptacles 14 and 15 actuate the regulation of the smoke damper 20. They are by means of the levers 16 and 17 connected to the axles 18 and 19 and hold each other in equilibrium by means of the eccentric sheaves 21 and 22 and a chain 23. The lever 16 is coupled to the smoke damper 20 by the rod 24.

If the fire door is closed, the water flows from 10 through the pipe 12 to the receptacle 15, thus opening the smoke damper, as soon as the door is opened, the water flows by the pipe 13 to the receptacle 14 and closes the smoke damper according to the resistance of the grate.

The parts of the apparatus described above are necessary for the regulation of air supply below the grate. Regulating the admission of additional air into the combustion chamber is effected by altering the height of the water level in the receptacle 25, wherein all the water coming from the receptacles 14 and 15 collects and in which is provided the outlet valve 27 which is actuated through a system of levers and rods 28, 29, 30 and 31. The lowering of the water level in the receptacle 25 causes the sinking of the floating body 6, which by the rod 5 opens the additional air supply valve 2. Further due to the lowering of the water level in the receptacle 25 and therefore also in thehood 32 a communication is estab lished between the hood 32 and the tube 7 to tube 33 connected to the furnace whereby air is admitted through the hole 34, from the open air.

The valve 3 situated in the ash pit door is brought by means of the lever 4 into a position appropriate to the fuel consumption. The air entering through the openings thus exposed produces a fall of pressure, which through 7 produces a vacuum in the space formed by the hood 11. The vacuum should be maintained in correspondence with the difference in height between the overflow vessels 9 and 10. In this case the water entering 8 through 32 will flow in equal quantity through 13 to 14 and over 9 into 10 thence through 12 to 15. The receptacles 14 and 15 now receive an equal quantity of water; they are in equilibrium and do not move.

It now, owing to the consumption of fuel the draught inthe ash pit is increased, correspondingly more water will then also flow away through 13 so that the receptacle 14 will by means of the lever 16 and rod 24 close the smoke damper 20. This closing movement continues until the normal condition is again established, that is to say, until the desired vacuum again prevails in the ash pit.

On the formation of clinkers on the grate or with increase of the grate resistance after stoking the reverse takes place and more water flows through 10 to 15 so that by lever 17 and the eccentric sheaves 21, 22 the smoke damper is now raised. By these means not only is the cooling of the fire prevented but there is always a sufficient quantity of air available for the fire.

It is advisable during the stoking to keep the damper closed and this is effected automatically by the fire door 1 operating the lever 29. By these means the damper 20 is immediately closed to prevent the entry of improper air.

by the altered grate resistance.

:25 ited quantity ,0

As soon :as the :furimcentloor is opened, the vacuum in 7 fades away, so that the tdampe1"2()..W0nld; open -Wide.: It must, however, be keptriclosed x in order to: prevent the i 5 entrance of 1 air- While stoking. or scouring.

Therefore tl1nflll1l13-d00f lqisy connected 1 shy means of the rod g.28,xthe levert -29 wrodi and lever 131; to 1 the ureeeptacle r full; of \liquid, so that openingz'o'f -,the. doon results in loylewering the receptacleg 35. :=-Into :this "rel cepteclewlips awbranch 1376mm:- tliespipe 7 and another.:pipen36, which in' thee-normal ,-position;of receptecle135 is-We-ter sealed :by

nthe liquid: in 35. 1 Asasooni as 35 is! lowered,

lfiythe pipes T321116. '36 are intereonneeted qby gdnnd ,the drnughtaofr-the.chimneyusecnres 2]. vacuum in 7; so illlilt fllquld fflQVS} away 1 is prevented, which: would cooll the fire and itlestroyi'the wacuunriin' 7= and consequently 'iihincler the opening 50f the nSHlOliGi damper "which is eiiected iearlier :orflater according to the size of the opening. mnaywbendjnsted 1 according to the percentage iofhvolatile constituents 50f thexrtuel.

'ill hehduration of the extra -opening;.of 1the:s1noke damper is entirely clepentlentnon .the, condition of the fireinthexgrete, the

l clearer the :fire; the :greeterthe vacuum proaway over- '10, and" the'inore the fire is clink- "erecl the reverse iszathe case.

ldainper is adj Listed proportion ately :to the vreslstance "of theagrzrte on the. fuelbed asideshove 91 pm 8 lu -rendconsequently1 scribiedkebo-ve. -:In order to limit itll811106- {the smoke damper 20. is closed. 0 iflYhem-the fire; cloorl is' egain elosetl'gthe smoke :dern-per; is automatically is {adjusted (13S I ieb rede ribed=into the p siti n conditioned y t e si e of he open ng. wishes-throttlevalve 3, by theothendranghtconditions and w'E-h e t; adj stme w th smoke damp a er: triking; s ie t e w rl y rnm i y.c QG0 f-l sie ee e rm etelink re '30 In t' he G OIZGbHStlOIl iof' GQkeI0114,116 like 1 extra opening of the S1110;l(= (lfl111131f3ljiillqtrflt a n es a y t ef l @Qntei sl e mrkl h equanti y1 s li i o 'tuent l"evsuffic ent:b tlim-f. =ltl-itional: aii';I -ni st;; he;!elslowed to enter sheve the grate.

The smoke l,-rlgimper, keptg closedwwhile istoking,vnnisttopenmore-than normally ai'fter I stol ing, in-case of clinker-ed {lllIQglIlQlfQt-Lhfll'l r in case of clear fire. Nevertheless in iease iof clinkered grate the large opening; ot the smoke. dampen n nstgbelimited according to I the gesi ting period of the-fuel.

. M stake Q7 so that reeeptaele251is-drained.

Simultaneously hood 32 is elngptied somhnt. he tubes 1211K]. are interconnected. ,Alter closing the turnaceidoor the s acuu niin the ehilnney sucks air by the 1QFelling; -34 ineto the eornbustion ch unher. pfiimtiltnneonsly =the .pressure in tuloe 7 isnc' mpenseted, so;- that elLthe l iqui-d fiows o=,er 1O to 155iu1d \opensthe sinolre tlmnper 20. lhmnaore the a s ee en p r s opene the more addit ee lr air enters. by rake 2,so that nneoonelniojal complete combustion; of the developed room- 1 bi stion gasestakes place. {The veer n in the combustion chamber-results; in increased suction of nil-u by 34, r so ,that 1 the vncun-rn in nov 7 andhelow hood; 11 inereeses. a ndliqnid flows away over 9,to receptacle 14, bala-nei-ng,

em h i l -t llg': thesmor ment of the smoke da1npeigand phnrtlrer limiting the yacnn n in tlienshipit. By this l11 aI1S -l1l18 ment of opening of the smoke htlaniper :Efl'ldctO nvoidztoo great supply ofkliqnid to" receptacle :14 in .icese: :of: idrossing the" grate 0f one furnace or win boilers WltlIiFflOlBi tth'il n lone? turnaceyitherer-lis providedtinwthe :re- @ceptaole ii a valve; 38', WlllOll'iS=0] )8I18Cli;l11

1 s, certain changeable: position fOf 14- by 1 rod 189. In tthiscase 14b is (trained by a38=iinto ,15, ,sothat ate certain :opening;aof E38 thenjreiceptacles '1433116. 15 will The in-teqnilibritun.

'Fw'gimes Qua Md 1 In' :theecase ot'; artificial Ildllilllghll lllle air fiowsf=to theeeslnpitwby the conduit. 5Q,--Wl1ich; has erb ieneh to the combustion chanib er. The conduit v5 0' may obeqclosed by ajthrett-le valve; 152:, adjustable i amending. :to the steam consumption; by the lever97, anclhasdiurthen a valve Valve 52, lever 97=-andvalve fi oorrespond 10 ,rzilve; 8, lever :l {and smoke tlmn1i err120 in l. Va-lVeQSSis-ndjusted:-according to thedecrea-se of "pressure ihefore; and behind ,ynlve :52mind consequently the quantity of iz in: is kept constantv according; to :the position of wilve'52. The pressnrebetore 'liiihlVG 52- is transferred by pi e and :the .-:presas-i re behind 'Vnlye 52by pipe T55;to' the Waterdistribnton 60. This distrihi-itonGOQied eontinually; b a nozzle =66 with liquid, refitting in thed-i-st "ntor, has a cover "61 carrying st its lower-side Ethe pipe 62 open-below. Thelbottoin of the distributor carries the cylindrical over-flow -56, the; .fllZEllDrPl-PG 58 end the arched overflow v57, coveringthe wall -56, and car ying a pletcifig. lThis pleteis perl'ornte'd by anqair-tube-fil in-orderito se- CL1I=1h111OSPl18IlOLl press-ure to the overflow E The space, between-tube-GQ and plate- .63

U5 entrancenot too muchwaddit-ionelr air by 2. ere-bynienns-ofthe-lenersfifi) and 0011 nected to the axles 71 and 72 and hold each other in equilibrium by means of the eccentric sheaves 73 and 74, and a chain 75. The

lever 70 is coupled to the throttle valve 53 by the rod 76. r

The parts of the apparatuses described until now are necessary for the regulation of air supply below the grate. As described in Fig. 1 the regulation of the entrance of additional air is operated by altering the height of the water level in the receptacle 80, where all the water coming from the receptacles 67 and 68 is collected. In the receptacle 80 there is provided the outflow valve 81, which can be raised through a lever 82 and a chain 83. The lever 82 can be actuated by means of the chain 87, lever 84, which is fastened to the axle 85 of the fire. door 86.

Sinking of the water level in 80 causes sinking of the floating body 88, which is connected by a wire-rope or chain 90, guided by a roller 89, and the lever 92 to the throttle valve 91 in the conduit 51, so that sinking of 88 results in opening the conduit 51 and vice versa. To the lever 82 are fixed the receptacles 93 and 94. Into these receptacles 93 and 94 terminate the pipes 55 and 94; 94 is connected by pipe 95 to the ash pit. Into the tube 96 dips to a certain depth the pipe 54. Just as in Fig. 1 the receptacle 14, valve 38 and rod 39 prevent an excessive opening of the smoke damper, here the valve 77 in the receptacle 67 drains 67 in the lowest position thereof, where it is opened by chain 78.

The air is led to the fire by the conduit and suffers a decrease of pressure when passing the throttle valve 52, adjusted according to the consumption of steam. The pressures before and behind the throttle valve 52 are transferred by the pipes 54 and 55 to the spaces above the overflow vessels 56 and 57, within the distributor 60, continu ally fed by a nozzle 66, which by its special position causes the liquid contents of the distributor to rotate. This rotation is necessary in order to secure sufficient insensibility of the level of liquid against movement of the distributor, so that this apparatus is fit for use in movable vehicles like e. g. ships etc. This difference of pressure is kept constant by the liquid flowing by the pipes,

58 and 59 corresponding to the difi'erence of height of the overflows 56 and 57, so that in case of increased resistance of grate more liquid flows away over the overflow 56 to receptacle 68, which by its increased weight opens the throttle valve 53 by means of the lever 70 and rod 76. In the reverse case of clear or burnt out fire liquid flows by pipe 59 from overflow 57 to receptacle 67, so that the lever 69 and the two sheaves 73 and 7 4 shut the throttle valve 53. In order to secure slow opening or closing of the throttle valve 53, the sheaves 73 and 7 4 are eccentric so that the movement of the receptacle being fed by liquid grows smaller and smaller, while that of the empty receptacle, in a similar proportion increases. Thus the necessary quantity of air is supplied to the fire according to the position of the throttle valve 52 adjustable by the lever 97.

In order to avoid the entrance of improper air when opening the fire door, there is suspended from the lever 82 the receptacle 93 full of water, which is lowered when opening the fire door so that the tube 55 dipping into the water is connected to the atmosphere, so that compressed air may escape from 55. Consequently all the liquid fed to the distributor runs by the overflow 57 to the receptacle 67, and the throttle valve 53 begins to close. In order to avoid complete closing of the valve, there is pro vided to the receptacle 67 the valve 77 which is opened in a certain position of receptacle 67 by chain 78, so that the water may escape to receptacle 68 opening the throttle valve 53.

In order to secure complete combustion in case of fuel with abundant volatile constituents, additional air is supplied. When the fire door 86 is opened, lever 82 is lifted by means of axle 85, lever 84 and chain 87, so that by chain 83 the drain-pipe 81 is lifted and receptacle 80 is drained by the drain valve 98. Consequently the floating body 88 is lowered, opening simultaneously the throttle valve 91 by the wirerope 90 and lever 92 so that by the pipe 51 a connection is produced between the air conduit 50 and the combustion chamber. As soon as the receptacle 80 is filled, the floating body is lifted, so that the throttle valve 91 is again closed.

In order to adjust the position of valve 91 according to the quantity of volatile constituents of the fuel lever 92 may be lengthened or shortened, so that the movement of the valve 91 may be changed in proportion to that of the floating receptacle 94.

When opening the fire door 86, lever 82 has lifted receptacle 94 full of water so far, that in spite of receptacle 86 being drained the pipe 54 dips into the concentric tube 96. After closing the fire door 86 receptacle 94 is lowered, so that a communication between 95 and the connecting pipe 54 is provided. By this means the pressure in 54 decreases, so that all the liquid flows away over the overflow 56 and the throttle valve 53 is opened. By excessive opening the throttle valve53 an increased supply of air is effected, so that the difference of pressure between 54 and 55 is increased. If the difference of height between the overflows 56 and 57 is about a quarter of an inch or more, and by connection to the tube 95 about of an inch of pressure is taken away from tube 54, liquid flows away from overflow .57 and closes the throttle valve .53 in caseof difference of pressure of of an inch. This difference of pressure takes place thequicker, the more air flows through pipe .50, that is to say, the less pressure is belowfthe grate or less resistance isprevailing in the fuel-bed, and the slower, the less air;passes the fuel-bed, that its to say in case of clink ered fire. If the liquid-in the receptacle has risen, so far,.that pipe 54 dips into the water, the increased supply of air is also stopped, after the gasiflcation of the volatile constituents of the fuel in case of clinkered lire.

The valves 3 and 52 are adjusted by hand according to the quantity and calorific value of the fuel, and. can also be actuated by a steam meter, a carbon dioxide recording apparatus or the like.

It is selfevident that for regulating the quantity of air any kind of throttling medium placed in the path ofthelflow can be used, as also there may be employed any form of receptacle for the outflowing water.

In producer furnaces it is mostly advisable to employ two apparatuses one for the combustion to carbon monoxide and the other to carbon dioxide.

I claim: a

1. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said receptacle and means actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring the pressure in front of and behind the said opening to said receptacle whereby the quantity of air supplied to the furnace is adjusted according to the grate resistance.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid rotating in said receptacle, and means actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring the pressure in front of and behind the said opening to said receptacle whereby the quantity of air supplied to the furnace is adjusted according to the grate resistance.

3. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace and its combustion chamber of an air conduit supplying primary and secondary air to said furnace and provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid rotating in said receptacle, and means actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring the pressure in the combustion chamber to said receptacle whereby thequantity of primary and sec-- ondary air supplied to the furnace is adjnstediaq ordingto the grate resistance and thequantity of volatile coustitue ts in the fuel.

4. In anapparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace audits combustionchamber of an air conduit supplying primary and secondary airlto .said furnace and provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring .a constant supply of liquidrotating in said receptacle, and neans actuated by the liquid overflowing fromsaid receptacle for transferring the a pressure p in the combustion chamber to the atn'iosphere whereby the quantity ofprimary and-secondarynir supplied to the furnace is adjustedaccorjding to the grate resistance and the quantityof volatile constituents in the fuel. i

5. In an apparatus of-the class. described the combination with a "furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said receptacle and a regulating organ actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle and comprising two receptacles held in equilibrium by two eccentric sheaves and a connecting chain for transferring the pressure in front of and behind said receptacle to said regulating organ whereby the quantity of air supplied to the furnace is adjusted according to the grate resistance.

6. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace and its grate of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said receptacle, a pipe transmitting the pressure below the grate to said receptacle, means for diminishing the pressure in said pipe behind said opening while the the door is open, a regulating organ and means for actuating said regulating organ by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring the pressure in front of and behind said opening to the said receptacle by said pipe whereby entrance of excess air to the furnace is prevented.

7. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace and its grate of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said re ceptacle, a pipe transmitting the pressure below the grate to said receptacle, means for diminishing the pressure in said pipe in front of said opening when the fire door is closed, a regulating organ and means for actuating said regulating organ by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring the pressure in front of and behind said opening to the said receptacle by said pipe for ensuring suificient supply of air necessary for complete combustion of the volatile constituents of the fuel.

8. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid rotating in said receptacle, a regulating organ actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle and comprising two receptacles held in equilibrium by two eccentric sheaves and a connecting chain for transferring the pressure in front of and behind said receptacle and means for preventing the total closing of the air supply to the furnace.

9. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means for varying the height of said overflow vessels, means for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said receptacle and means actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptaclefor transferring pressure to said receptacle whereby the quantity of airsupplied to the furnace is adjusted according to the grate resistance.

10. In an apparatus of the class described the combination with a furnace of an air conduit for said furnace provided with an opening of known size, a receptacle with two overflow vessels, means'for ensuring a constant supply of liquid to said receptacle and means actuated by the liquid overflowing from said receptacle for transferring pressure to said receptacle whereby the quantity of air supplied to the furnace is adjusted according to the grate resistance.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.

HENDRIK MA'IHYS LIESE. 

